SimsDairy provides the opportunity to examine several emission mitigation strategies (greenhouse gas and other nitrogen emissions) for a dairy cattle farm and the size of this mitigation effect for this farming system.
An example, using realistic values, is provided in the MilKey platform in order to give information about the functionality and the results of the SimsDairy model regarding the effect of mitigation strategies on the emissions from a dairy cattle system in comparison to a reference scenario (baseline). Therefore, the results presented in this chapter of the MilKey platform are a product of simulations and they are not derived from real data acquired from the dairy cattle farming systems examined during the MilKey project. The results will be updated after the acceptance of a manuscript that has been submitted for publication. The potential effect of various mitigation strategies to the contribution of these GHG emission sources to the total GHG emissions, emitted N substances to the total N emissions, and N hotspots to the total N emissions of the dairy cattle farming system can be shown in the following steps:
- Check the mitigation practices that have been assessed: Each time the cursor is placed on a mitigation practice (from the list below), the user is able to see a short description of this practice.
- Click on the mitigation practice: The user is able to see the effect of the mitigation practice on the contribution of the various sources to the total GHG emissions. This is done in comparison to the relevant effect of the baseline scenario. The tables and the figures for the baseline and the mitigation scenarios are simultaneously visible to the user, allowing an easier visual comparison of these results. A note appears to the user explaining if the alternative scenario tested leads to higher or lower total GHG emissions from the dairy cattle farming system.
The key features of the dairy production systems modeled in Table 1
The mitigation methods are presented in Table 2
Table 1
|
Units |
WCi |
WOs |
ECs |
MCi |
NCs |
ACs |
|
Location |
– |
Germany |
Germany |
Poland |
Italy |
Norway |
Ireland |
Production system |
– |
Conventional |
Organic |
Conventional |
Conventional |
Conventional |
Conventional |
Degree of intensi- |
– |
Intensive |
Semi-extensive |
Semi-extensive |
Intensive |
Semi-extensive |
Semi-extensive |
Average monthly |
°C |
12 |
11 |
9 |
14 |
7 |
10 |
Average monthly |
mm |
72 |
50 |
57 |
87 |
84 |
84 |
Soil texture |
– |
Sand |
Sandy loam |
Clay loam |
Sandy loam |
Clay Loam |
Dairy animals |
Animals |
138 |
240 |
50 |
565 |
55 |
185 |
Total dairy live- |
LU |
184 |
304 |
83 |
956 |
91 |
236 |
Main cow breed |
Name |
Holstein |
Holstein |
Crossbreedb |
Holstein |
Norwegian red |
Crossbreedc |
Milk production |
kg FPCMa |
11,194 |
7724 |
8898 |
9547 |
7865 |
5522 |
Milk yield |
kg animal−1day−1 |
30.6 |
21.1 |
24.3 |
26.2 |
21.5 |
15.1 |
Forage-to-concen- |
Ratio |
60:40 |
80:20d |
80:20 |
50:50 |
60:40 |
90:10 |
Crude protein in |
% |
27 |
15 |
23 |
20 |
18 |
14 |
Silage type |
– |
Grass/maize |
Grass/maize |
Grass/maize |
Grass/maize |
Grass |
Grass |
Farm area (UAA) |
ha |
71 |
495 |
80 |
270 |
87 |
87 |
Surface grassland |
% |
55 |
44 |
71 |
46 |
86 |
100 |
Grazing time |
Days |
0 |
215 |
164 |
0 |
139 |
259 |
Slurry storage |
Type |
Crusted |
Crusted |
Rigid |
Crusted |
Rigid |
Crusted |
Slurry application |
Type |
Shallow injection |
Band spreading |
Broadcast |
Broadcast |
Broadcast |
Shallow injection |
WCi Western European conventional intensive system
WOs Western European organic semi-extensive system
ECi Central-Eastern European conventional semi-extensive system
MCi Mediterranean conventional intensive system
NCs Northern European conventional semiextensive system
ACs Atlantic conventional semi-extensive system
°C degrees centigrade, mm millimetres
LU livestock units
FPCM fat and protein corrected milk
UAA utilised agricultural area
CAN calcium ammonium nitrate
U urea
AN ammonium nitrate.
astandardised to 4% fat and 3.3% protein per kilogram of milk (IDF 2015); bHolstein, Montbéliarde, and Polish red; cHolstein and Jersey;
d20% of the diet composed by self-produced cereal mix (no concentrates bought); emore than one typology of mineral fertiliser is applied